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Fracturing & Waterflooding
One of the most promising and most cost effective areas of interest
for CarbonSeal™ is in Fracturing. One major oil company has
been using CS to increase production for several years with amazing
results. In our own preliminary tests, we poured CS down two non-productive
wells, then let it rest for two weeks to work itself into the formation.
The CarbonSeal™ successfully drew enough oil into the pipe
to restart production.
When waterflooding, a 1% mixture of CarbonSeal can be added to
the formation water at the injection well to enhance hydrocarbon
recovery.
Remediation
CarbonSeal™ can be used to clean up and restore land damaged
through environmental accidents by application directly to the soil,
swamp, marsh or coastline. When the degradation requires it, the
soils and organic materials should be stripped and loaded into a
slurry vat for treatment. This vat can be any open container sufficiently
large to hold the volumes being treated.
When the contents are slurried with the CS, then stirred or mixed
to allow permeation of the CS to all the hydrocarbon molecules which
have made the soil sterile, then allowed to "steep" as
the CS separates the hydrocarbon molecules from the organic slurry
and "floats" the oil contaminants above the CS, the oil
products can then be drained and reincorporated into the petroleum
company's system, helping to "pay" for the CS. The CS
is either drained or collected for further cleansing or odor remediation
uses, with the soil or marsh material being returned to its original
location and production.
If a spill is so extensive as to not allow mechanical extraction
and reapplication of the cleansed soil, a different process of applying
CarbonSeal™ to the contaminated site is utilized. Heavier concentrations,
if needed when determined onsite by our engineering representative,
are applied as a "cap" to the soil.
When CS is applied to dry soil or marsh lands, the same baseline
application as that used in cleaning interior tanks should be
used, i.e. two cubic inches per one square inch of surface to
be covered. "CarbonSeal Land Rule of Thumb":
to clean 1,000 sq. ft. spill area requires approximately 167 gallons
of CS to return soil to its pristine condition.
In extreme cases, anaerobic bacteria can be added to the process,
which operates in conjunction with any remaining soil bacteria to
assist in breaking down the hydrocarbons as they are attacked and
bonded by the CS. In these instances, the CS is applied in a heavier
concentration as it is left on the ground where it biodegrades after
the hydrocarbon molecules have been consumed by the bacteria. This
usually will take place within a thirty day time frame. A soil analysis
can be performed to determine if the adding of commercial grade
humates to the soil is necessary to return the soil to its original
fertility level.
Rig Cleaning
As an EPA-approved de-greaser, CarbonSeal is especially effective
cleaning oil rigs and platforms. Completely biodegradable and all-natural,
it can be used in even sensitive areas without fear of environmental
impact. Just put it in your powerwasher. It has a low-suds formulation
that is easy to work with. CarbonSeal's grease-cutting capabilities
work best when heated to around 180 degrees.
Pipeline & Storage Applications
When used in lieu of a mechanical pipeline pig for cleaning oil
pipelines, storage batteries, refinery towers, oil transports, bunkering
tanks and/or loading facilities, CarbonSeal™ (CS) is applied
either through ingestion into flow of the oil moving through the
pipeline or containment system, or is applied externally as a cleansing
solvent in its water carrier.
When CS is being used to clean paraffin buildup in pipelines, it
is injected into the oil stream at the head of the pipeline via
a centrifugal or mag pump. The CS in solution should be at a 6:1
water to CS ratio. This same solution rate applies when used for
any internal cleansing application.
When cleaning bunkers, storage tanks, ship holds, etc., CS should
be applied via a spray application whenever feasible. The hydrocarbons
will "dissolve" while the CS will flow to the lowest point
of gravity, allowing the hydrocarbon material to be removed for
refining and sales.
At this point, since the CS has a water carrier, it will separate
from and settle under the hydrocarbons, allowing for suction removal
or gravity discharge via a lower drain. The CS will naturally be
on the lowest level of the separation, with hydrocarbon products
"floating" above it.
When CS is used in an external cleansing capacity, a 10% CS solution
is satisfactory. CS collected from a pipeline or "tank"
cleaning application can be collected after separation and recycled
for cleansing usage on outside deck work and metal surfaces.
The add solution/flow rate varies upon the region where the oil
products are being produced with the resulting variance in quality
and classifications of the oil products, its paraffin content, API,
viscosity, percentage of cracker bottom residuals, etc. all considered
in the equation.
We will be glad to assist a qualified client in demonstration applications
so that individual application and concentration rates can be determined
in situ. As an initial rule of thumb, the formulation for application
is 1 gallon of CarbonSeal™ Concentrate to 2,973 barrels of
crude flowing through an obstructed pipeline.
In the pipeline application, a simple separation battery at the
terminus of the pipeline similar to a wellhead saltwater separation
process will be the easiest method of separation of cleansed oil
products from the CS. The CS is injected into the pipeline either
by a centrifugal or mag pump having a flow rate meter. The CS will
be mixed throughout the pipe during transit.
As the oil and CS are moving through and cleansing the pipeline,
and thereby increasing the effective interior diameter, the refining
process for the oil is already commencing.
The CS will decrease the oil's viscosity while it is in transit
in the pipeline, further reducing the refining process's time and
costs, as well as pipeline transit costs!
After the initial cleansing application of CS has opened and freed
any hydrocarbon buildup and obstructions in the pipeline, ongoing
applications of CS in the pipeline will maintain the free flow of
oil and avoid additional paraffin buildup in the pipeline, while
decreasing the costs of pipeline maintenance, pumping and refining
costs dramatically.
One First-Tier world oil company conducted tests of CS in their
European pipelines and determined that by purchasing and using $38,000
of CS per week, they saved over $600,000 per week in their pipeline
pumping, maintenance and refining costs. While this is a phenomenal
cost savings, the European crude may have a slightly different rate
of return on investment than other locales' operations would have,
due to the different chemical and solids makeup and the qualities
of oils from different regional sources.
Still, the basic model holds true in the positive application of
CS to any oil company's operation with up to a 12:1 return on investment.
There is no other product known to produce this kind of savings,
nee net profit.
Petroleum companies currently using CS include Unocal, PeMex, British
Petroleum and the national Ecuadorian petroleum corporation.
The Ecuadorian pipeline is a classic case in point: The Ecuadorian
crude is a very heavy, sour crude, thick with paraffin. It is being
produced at a high and cold altitude with the pipeline running up
and over the continental divide 15,000' high in the Andes Mountains.
This caused an increase in the oil's already thick viscosity with
resultant pumping costs being extremely high, having a minimal amount
of crude flowing through the impacted pipeline.
CarbonSeal™ was added to the crude at the head of the pipeline.
The CS cleaned out all the interior paraffin buildup increasing
the pipe's aperture, dramatically decreased the viscosity of the
crude oil, initiated the refining process in transit and lowered
their pumping and refining costs significantly.
CARBONSEAL™ PROTOCOL FOR MIXTURE
IN CRUDE PIPELINES
- CarbonSeal™ solution is 1 part CS in 6 parts water
- 2400 liters per hour of CarbonSeal™ treats 5500 barrels
of crude flow per hour = 90.22 gallons of CS concentrate per hour
- The pipelines described were 14" - 16" transmission
pipelines, which were cleaned to bare metal walls, while the separated
CarbonSeal™ was gathered at the end of the pipeline.
This application is based on the company's experience with Ecuadorian
crude. The treated crude oil's API rose from 20 to 40 as a result
of the use of the CarbonSeal™ treating the pipelines. Similar
applications of CarbonSeal™ are effective on all petrochemical
refining applications where petroleum by-products are built up,
whether transmission, refining or loading and transportation.
The crude oil has the refining procedure initiated during transportation
through the pipelines by the inclusion of the CarbonSeal™,
with the preliminary cracking process already being accomplished
by the time the oil is delivered at the terminus of the pipeline.
This has an additional effective cost benefit for the refinery.
Separation & Cleaning of Natural
Gas
One company has been using CS in the separation, cleansing and
drying process of natural gas in the Philippines with the resultant
wet hydrocarbons being collected for revenue instead of being separated
and flared, allowing the high-end distillates to be used to increase
their corporate bottom line income instead of lighting the Philippine
night sky.
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